The Tension Within: Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder

May 27, 2015 Dr Pooja Pathak 1 Comment

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurological condition that involves problems with inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity that are developmentally inconsistent with the age of the child.

अटेंशन डेफिसिट हाइपर-एक्टिव डिसऑर्डर ADHD अर्थात ध्यान अभाव सक्रियता विकार अधिकांश बच्चों में होने वाली सामान्य समस्या है, जिसमे बच्चों की ध्यान एवं एकाग्रता प्रभावित होती हैं. ADHD एक मस्तिष्क सम्बन्धी विकार है जो बच्चों की कार्य क्षमता को प्रभावित करती है. कुछ केसेस में बच्चों में यह अतिचंचलता एवं आवेग के रूप में भी दिखाई देती है.

adhd children finds it difficult to sit still at one place: pic srtsy web

ADHD is a function of developmental failure in the brain circuitry that monitors inhibition and self-control. This loss of self-regulation impairs other important brain functions crucial for maintaining attention, including the ability to defer immediate rewards for later gain.

brain id adhd child perceives things diffently — brain of adhd child perceives things differently: pic crtsy web

ADHD सिर्फ एकाग्रता को प्रभावित करने वाला डिसऑर्डर नही है अपितु इस अवस्था का कारण मस्तिष्क के उन भागों का निषेध हो जाना है जो की किसी भी क्रिया के अंतर्गत स्वयं के शरीर को नियंत्रित करते हैं. सेल्फ-रेगुलेशन मैकेनिज्म के इस लॉस के कारण मस्तिष्क के अन्य भागों का फंक्शन भी बिगड़ जाता है, परिणामस्वरूप व्यक्ति की ध्यान केंद्रित करने की क्षमता कम हो जाती है.

Children with ADHD typically exhibit behavior that is classified into:

1. Combined type (inattentive/hyperactive/impulsive). Children with this type of ADHD show all three symptoms. This is the most common form of ADHD.

2. Hyperactive/impulsive type. Children show both hyperactive and impulsive behavior, but for the most part, they are able to pay attention.

3. Inattentive type. Formerly called attention deficit disorder (ADD). These children are not overly active. They do not disrupt the classroom or other activities, so their symptoms might not be noticed.

ADHD बच्चों की कुछ विचित्र क्रियाएँ इस प्रकार होती हैं:

adhd child constant in motion: pic crtsy web

– निरंतर इधर-उधर घूमते रहन

– बैचेनी एवं कुलबुलाहट

– एक ही स्थान पर अधिक देर तक स्थिर नही बैठना

– बात नही सुनना

– व्याकुल रहना

– अत्यधिक बोलना/ज्यादा बातें करना

– दुसरो के कार्यो में व्यवधान उत्पन्न करना

ध्यान-एकाग्रता की कमी के लक्षण :

निर्देशों को याद रखने में परेशानी

बात करते समय इधर-उधर देखना

किसी भी कार्य से जल्दी बोर हो जाना

कोई भी एक्टिविटी बीच में ही करना छोड़ देना

किसी भी एक्टिविटी की डिटेल्स को समझ नही पाना

बारम्बार समझने पर भी गलतियां करना

व्यवस्थित काम नही करना

child with adhd has difficulty in maintaining focus n concentration specially in classroom: pic crtsy web

Symptoms of problem in Attention are:

 Doesn’t pay attention to details

 Makes careless mistakes

 Has trouble staying focused; is easily distracted

 Appears not to listen when spoken to

 Has difficulty remembering things and following instructions

 Has trouble staying organized, planning ahead, and finishing projects

 Gets bored with a task before it’s completed

अतिचंचलता (हाइपर-एक्टिविटी) के लक्षण :

अनावश्यक रूप से हमेशा इधर-उधर घूमना

खेलते समय ज्यादा शोर करना

बात बात में गुस्सा होना

चिड़चिड़ापन

बैचेन और व्यग्र प्रतीत होना

रिलैक्स नही करना

ज्यादा बातें करना/लगातार बोलते रहना

Symptoms of Hyper-activity:

 Constantly fidgets and squirms

 Often leaves his or her seat in situations where sitting quietly is expected

 Moves around constantly, often runs or climbs inappropriately

 Talks excessively

 Has difficulty playing quietly or relaxing

 Is always “on the go,” as if driven by a motor

 May have a quick temper

hyperactive child moves around constantly:pic crsty web

Although toddlers and preschoolers, on occasion, may show characteristics of ADHD, some of these behaviors may be normal for their age or developmental stage. These behaviors must be exhibited to an abnormal degree to be identified as ADHD.

Both types of children with ADHD may be less cooperative with others and less willing to wait their turn or play by the rules. Their inability to control their own behavior may lead to social isolation. Consequently, the children’s self-esteem may suffer.

Through different therapies, an ADHD will also lead a normal life.

Dr.P Pathak

www.swavalambanrehab.com

Swavalamban Blog

Grab Me Up: Development of Hand Skills in Children

May 25, 2015 Dr Pooja Pathak 1 Comment

Fine motor skills are the coordination of small muscle movements which occur e.g., in the fingers, usually in coordination with the eyes. In application to motor skills of hands (and fingers) the term dexterity is commonly used.
The abilities which involve the use of hands develop over time, starting with primitive gestures such as grabbing at objects to more precise activities that involve precise eye–hand coordination.

Fine motor skills are skills that involve a refined use of the small muscles controlling the hand, fingers, and thumb. The development of these skills allows one to be able to complete tasks such as writing, drawing, and buttoning.

As children refine their motor skills, they are able to communicate by written expression, starting off with scribbling and moving on to printing and writing.

Lets take a brief summary of development of hand grasp:

In infants (age 0 to 3 months), the Hands most often remain closed
has grasp reflex (grasps objects involuntarily if placed in palm)

child's hand remain closed — child’s hand remain closed

As the infants reaches 2-4 months , he/she reaches for (“swipes at”) objects inaccurately.

From 3 – 6 months, the child Clasps hands together often, begins purposeful, visually directed reaching and can hold small objects in hand.

From 4-8 months, a child can transfer objects from one hand to the other, can pick up cube/medium sized object easily.The child develops accurate forward and side reach.

child can transfer objects from 1 hand to another

From 5 months onward , child “rakes” or “scoops” small objects to pick them up (i.e. using fingers/palm/whole hand to scoop up Cheerios, raisins etc.
As the child reaches 7 months, he/she intentionally able to drop/release objects and able to pick up small objects using thumb and finger/fingers. He/she also started pointing with index finger.

child develops forward reach, can hold objects

From 12 onward, child is capable of holding crayon with whole hand, thumb up.

child achieves trunk balance, manipulates objects

As he/she attains the age of 2 years ,he/she holds crayon with thumb and all fingers, forearm turned so thumb is pointing down
puts on shoes, socks, and shorts; takes off shoes and socks
can use a spoon by himself, keeping it upright
can draw and copy a vertical line.

Accuracy and speed will significantly began to develop in between 2 – 3 years. Now, the child strings large beads, snips paper with scissors, rolls clay/play-doh into “snake”, can draw and copy a horizontal line.

From 3 years onward, the child will also able to complete simple puzzles, can build a tower of nine small blocks or more, can get himself dressed/undressed independently; only needs help with buttons; still confuses front/back for clothes, and right/left for shoes
can feed himself with little or no spilling, drinks from a cup/glass with one hand.

From 4 years, a child can pour his own drink from a pitcher if not too heavy, can place small pegs into small holes, able to string small beads, can hold a pencil with a “tripod grasp” (3 fingers), but moves forearm and wrist to write/draw/color.

From 4 1/2 to 5 years, child can use scissors to follow and cut both straight and curved lines, can manage buttons, zippers, and snaps completely, can draw and copy a cross (one vertical and one horizontal intersecting lines).

From 5 years onward, the child can hold fork using his fingers, can feed him soup with little or no spilling, folds paper in half, making sure the edges meet, puts a key in a lock and opens it.

child gains accuracy n precision in hand skills

The development of Hand Skill is a fascinating process, as every single day the child will learn new ways to explore his/her surrounding world.

Dr. P Pathak

Managing Director @SwavalambanRehab

Swavalamban Blog

Add More Breaths… Pediatric Asthma

May 13, 2015 Dr Pooja Pathak

Asthma is a common lung condition in kids which causes breathing problems like coughing, wheezing, and shortness of breath. Asthma affects the bronchial tubes, or airways.Anyone can have asthma, even babies, and the tendency to develop it often runs in families.

अस्थमा ( दमा) फेफड़ों की क्षमता को प्रभावित करने वाला रोग है. अस्थमा किसी भी आयु के व्यक्ति को प्रभावित कर सकता है.

बच्चो में होने वाले अस्थमा के लक्षण इस प्रकार है :

– बार बार एवं रुक-रुक कर खांसी होना
– सांस लेने में दिक्कत होना
– छाती में जकड़न या भारीपन महसूस होना
– छाती में दर्द होना
– सांस लेते एवं छोड़ते समय घरघराहट या सीटी की आवाज़ होना
– हँसने या बोलते समय बार-बार खांसी आना
– बहुत दिनों तक लम्बी खांसी होना
– सोते समय ज़्यादा खांसी आना
– एक्सरसाइज या खेलते समय जल्दी सांस भर जाना
– थकान एवं कमजोरी महसूस होना

Symptoms of Asthma in Children :

• Frequent intermittent coughing
• Whistling /wheezing sound when exhaling
• Shortness of breath

• Chest congestion or tightness
• Chest pain, particularly in younger children
• Less energy during play
• Rapid breathing (intermittently)
• Complaint of chest tightness or chest “hurting”
• Labored breathing
• Shortness or loss of breath
• Tightened neck and chest muscles
• Feelings of weakness or tiredness

अस्थमा से पीड़ित व्यक्ति की ब्रोन्कियल ट्यूब में सिकुड़न आ जाती है जिसके परिणामस्वरूप उन्हें सांस लेने में अधिक कठिनाई एवं दर्द का आभास होता है . जब ये व्यक्ति हवा में मौजूद धुल,धुंवा या पराग कणों के संपर्क में आते हैं तब श्वसन नलिकाओं के आस-पास की मांसपेशेचियो में संकुचन होता है जिससे की श्वसन प्रक्रिया धीमी हो जाती है .

People with asthma have inflamed airways that produce lots of thick mucus.When these airways came in contact with certain things like pollen grains, fumes, dust, or cigarette smoke, the hyper reactivity makes the smooth muscle that surrounds the airways tighten up. The combination of airway inflammation and muscle tightening narrows the airways and makes it hard for air to move through.

Global pollution is one of the major contributor towards spread of Asthma in younger generations..

Lets Give our Future Generations a Fresh Air to Breath…

give our younger generations fresh air to breath..

Spread Awareness, Save Lives…

Dr. P Pathak

www.facebook.com/swavalambanrehab

Swavalamban Blog

The Autosomal Disorder

May 13, 2015 Dr Pooja Pathak

Thalassemia is an autosomal recessive blood disorders which gets inherited from parents to the children through genes. It is a blood disorder causes weakening and destruction of the red blood cells, affects the formation of hemoglobin in the body and causes mild or severe anemia.

थेलेसीमिया एक अनुवांशिक रक्त विकार का रोग है जिसमे मुख्यतः असामान्य हीमोग्लोबिन की रचना होती है परिणामस्वरूप पीड़ित व्यक्ति एनीमिया से ग्रस्त होता है. एनीमिया होने पर रक्त में मौजूद सामान्य लाल-रक्त कणों की संख्या कम हो जाती है और इस विकार से ग्रस्त व्यक्ति की लाल रक्त कोशिकाओं का क्षरण होता रहता है.

Around 3.4% of the people are carrier of the thalassemia and around 7000 to 10,000 children are born with thalassemia per year in India. It can be of any type such as alpha thalassemia, beta thalassemia, delta thalassemia and combination of other hemoglobinopathies.

थैलेसेमिया बच्चो में माता या पिता किसी भी एक से ट्रांफर होता है अर्थात अगर माता-पिता में से कोई भी एक के अंदर थैलेसेमिया के अनुवाहक जीन्स मौजूद है तो बच्चो में भी इसके होने की सम्भावना अत्यधिक बढ़ जाती है .

Symptoms of Thalassemia include:

-Weakness

-Fatigue

-Slow growth

-Pale appearance

-Abnormal swelling

-Abnormal bone structure, especially in the face and skull

-Heart problems

-Iron overload

थैलीसीमिया के लक्षण :

-कमजोरी
-थकान
-विलम्ब शारीरिक विकास
-त्वचा का रंग पीला होना
-असामान्य सूजन
-असामान्य शारीरिक विकृति ( चेहरे एवं कपाल पर)
-ह्रदय सम्बन्धी विकार

It causes complications like bone deformities, iron overload, cardiovascular illnesses, heart palpitations, enlarged liver, jaundice, enlarged spleen, enlarged bones of cheeks or forehead, delayed puberty.

It is an inheritable disease so cannot be prevented completely however, it can be lessen through the prenatal tests which helps in the early detection and cure before the child birth.

थैलेसीमिया का कोई निश्चित इलाज संभव नहीं है क्यूंकि यह एक अनुवांशिक विकार है तो जेनेटिकली पेरेंट्स से उनके बच्चो में ट्रांसफर होता है, थलेसिमिक व्यक्तियों को समय- समय पर ब्लड ट्रान्सफूजन की आवशयकता होती है.

People with severe form of thalassemia need medical treatment such as regular blood transfusions.

So, Donate Blood..

It Can Save Many Lives…

Dr. P Pathak

www.facebook.com/swavalambanrehab

twitter.com/swavalambanrehb

Swavalamban Children Rehabilitation Centre Ujjain

Monthly Archives: May 2015

The Tension Within: Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurological condition that involves problems with inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity that are developmentally inconsistent with the age of the child.

Children with ADHD typically exhibit behavior that is classified into:

ADHD बच्चों की कुछ विचित्र क्रियाएँ इस प्रकार होती हैं:

ध्यान-एकाग्रता की कमी के लक्षण :

Symptoms of problem in Attention are:

अतिचंचलता (हाइपर-एक्टिविटी) के लक्षण :

Symptoms of Hyper-activity:

Dr.P Pathak

Grab Me Up: Development of Hand Skills in Children

Add More Breaths… Pediatric Asthma

The Autosomal Disorder

Thalassemia is an autosomal recessive blood disorders which gets inherited from parents to the children through genes. It is a blood disorder causes weakening and destruction of the red blood cells, affects the formation of hemoglobin in the body and causes mild or severe anemia.

Symptoms of Thalassemia include:

थैलीसीमिया के लक्षण :

It is an inheritable disease so cannot be prevented completely however, it can be lessen through the prenatal tests which helps in the early detection and cure before the child birth.

So, Donate Blood..

It Can Save Many Lives…

Empowering Mind, Enlightening Lives